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Pieter De Rudder (July 2, 1822 in Jabbeke – March 22, 1898), in many French books Pierre De Rudder, in English Peter De Rudder.〔Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, pp. 138-139.〕 His recovery from a broken leg is one of the most famous recognized Lourdes miracles (a bronze cast of his bones is exhibited in the Lourdes Medical Bureau〔Dr. Paul Miest,''Les 54 miracles de Lourdes au jugement du droit canon'', Paris, 1958, p. 100.〕), although it is not supposed to have occurred in Lourdes itself, but in a sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes at Oostakker near Ghent (Belgium, East Flanders). ==The file== De Rudder was working for the Vicomte Albéric du Bus de Gisignies when on February 16, 1867, in Jabbeke (West Flanders), a falling tree broke the two bones (tibia and fibula) of his left leg.〔Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, pp. 79 and 139.〕 Several doctors attempted, unsuccessfully,〔See for example Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare Genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, pp.17-18.〕 to treat him, and one advised amputation, which was refused by De Rudder - or by the Viscount.〔Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, pp. 18, 36, 57, 142.〕 The medical treatments were stopped at a time not precisely specified.〔For an example of a discussion on this issue, see Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, p. 58.〕 The Viscount paid De Rudder a pension that Father Rommelaere, vicar of Jabbeke, described as a "handsome salary",〔Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek, ''Oostakker, 1957, p. 80〕 but on the viscount's death, on July 26, 1874 〔Relation by the vicar Rommelaere in 1875, reproduced by Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, p. 80, which gives June 24, 1874, corrected by the Viscountess du Bus in a letter to ''Le Bien public'', February 3, 1913.〕 the pension was withdrawn by his successor.〔Father Rommelaere, vicar of Jabbeke, Relation of April 11, 1875, reproduced by Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, p. 80; Father E. Scheerlinck,''Lourdes en Flandre'', Ghent, 1876: "Alas! the merciless death struck the generous benefactor June 21, 1874. Pierre found himself once again plunged into misery. " Testimony of Augustus De Wulf:" This small pension ceased when the viscount died because nothing had been written "(A. De Meester, op. cited, p. 122); testimony of the widow and daughter of De Rudder in 1899 (A. De Meester, op. cited, pp. 143-144).〕 On April 7, 1875, eight months and a half after the withdrawal of the pension, De Rudder went to implore Our Lady of Lourdes at Oostakker and, in the sanctuary itself, proclaimed himself cured. He displayed a scar which even just after the healing looks old.〔Letter from Dr. Van Hoestenberghe dated February 25, 1907, reproduced in Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, p. 183.〕 Doctors however refused to issue an attestation to the priests of the parish,〔See for example Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, p. 156-157. Supporters of the miracle explain this refusal by "liberalism", by "unbelief" of the physicians, but these words must likely be taken with caution. So, Dr. Van Hoestenberghe (A. De Meester, op. cited, p. 51) describes as "unbeliever" the late Dr Affenaer, whom a report of Rev. Father Van Tricht (''Collection de précis historiques...'', vol. 25 - vol. 5 of the 2d series - p. 659) explicitly presented as a believer.〕 so in 1875 the only eyewitnesses are two neighbors and friends〔Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, p. 21-22.〕 of De Rudder, father and son. These two witnesses sign the same statement, written by the vicar of Jabbeke, according to which the day before the pilgrimage they saw the ends of bone protruding into the wound. The certificate mentions in the third person, a female inhabitant of the village, not a signatory, who would have seen the same thing two days before the pilgrimage.〔Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, p. 31, copy mentioning that Maria Wittezaele would have signed. The photo of the certificate, reproduced in the same book, has no signature of Maria Wittezaele (or Wittesaele), who incidentally, as stated on her marriage certificate (Jabbeke, April 2, 1845), could neither write or sign.〕 The Bishop of Bruges, Mgr Faict, requested information from Dr Van Hoestenberghe, a doctor who had never been the attending physician of De Rudder, but had examined the leg to satisfy his own curiosity. Dr. Van Hoestenberghe replied in April and May 1875. His two letters, lost by the diocese before the canonical investigation which led to the recognition of the miracle by Mgr Waffelaert in 1908, were only found again in 1956.〔Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het onderzoek kanoniek''Oostakker, 1957, pp. 49, 156-157, 245-249.〕 Mgr Faict does not conduct a canonical investigation.〔Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, pp. 156-157.〕 The last survivor among the attending physicians whose names are known, Dr Verriest, died in Bruges August 3, 1891. About a year later, during the annual Belgian pilgrimage to Lourdes in August 1892,〔Dr Boissarie in''Annales de Notre-Dame de Lourdes'', October 1892, bd 25, p. 60.〕 Dr Van Hoestenberghe appears publicly for the first time.〔In 1898, Dr Van Hoestenberghe explained his long silence by the desire not to go against the apparent coldness of Mgr Faict on this matter. (Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, p. 52.) However, unlike Dr Verriest, Mgr Faict was still alive when Dr Van Hoestenberghe in 1892 broke the silence. (Mgr Faict died in 1894. Biographie Nationale de Belgique, t. 30, Supplément, vol 2, Brussels, 1958, col. 372.)〕 He writes to Dr Boissarie, head of the ''Bureau des constatations médicales de Lourdes'' (Lourdes Bureau of Medical Findings), two letters in which he reports the case De Rudder, saying that he had examined the leg when it was still ill and that he only can claim miracle.〔Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, pp. 44-45.〕 These letters caused a series of inquiries from various Catholic authorities. Eyewitnesses, who, as we saw, seem to have been only two in 1875, multiplied over time,〔See the various investigations reported by Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957.〕 as well as the examinations that Dr. Van Hoestenberghe said he made of the ill leg.〔Fact recognized by Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, pp. 219-220.〕 In 1907, before the Episcopal Commission, whose report will lead to recognition of the miracle, he says he examined the injured leg ten or twelve times, the last time three or four months before the pilgrimage.〔Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, pp. 35 and 37.〕 The date of the last examination of the leg is important because, in the opinion of many Catholic physicians, the only reason to consider the healing of De Rudder as miraculous is the testimonial proof of its instantaneousness.〔Dr Anicet Guarner, '' De l'instantanéité des guérisons de Lourdes'', Alger, 1939, p. 66, contradicts Prof. Reverchon, who believed that evidence of a supernatural process can be found in the anatomical pieces; H. Lamiroy in ''Palfijn'', September 1945, p. 229; L. Elaut, in ''Universitas Schriften'', 1, Antwerp, 1951-1952, p. 98.〕 Dr. Van Hoestenberghe's responses of April and May 1875 to Mgr Faict, which were lost during the canonical inquiry, are found again in 1956 and published in 1957. In the second of these responses, Dr. Van Hoestenberghe (who, as we saw, would report to the Commission of 1907-1908 that he had examined the injured leg ten or twelve times, the last time three or four months before the pilgrimage) says he saw the leg only once, more than ''three years'' before the pilgrimage.〔Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, p. 246.〕 Canon De Meester, who was promoter of the cause in the inquiry of 1907-1908 continues, despite the letters of 1875, to believe〔Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, pp. 248-250〕 that Dr Van Hoestenberghe made several examinations of the diseased leg and that the last examination took place about four months before De Rudder's pilgrimage. He puts forward notes confirming this view, that Dr Van Hoestenberghe said he took shortly after the pilgrimage. Dr Van Hoestenberghe mentioned these notes for the first time in 1899, in order to answer two Jesuits who had remarked to him that he had placed the care given by late Dr Verriest in 1875, which, compared to other sources, seems too late.〔For the appearance of the notes, see Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, p. 58. For the date of the care given by Dr. Verriest, pp. 27, 58 and 80.〕 The notes triumph over this objection: "Verriest 75".〔That is the way on which Dr Van Hoestenberghe transcribes his notes in a letter of 1899 (Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, p. 58). On a photo of the notes, also reproduced in the book of Canon De Meester, the figure 5 is difficult to read.〕 These notes have the peculiarity to contradict the letters from 1875 to Mgr Faict not only on the number and date of examinations that Dr. Van Hoestenberghe made of the ill leg, but also on the date of the examination he made of the leg after the pilgrimage: April 9, 1875 according to the notes, while Dr Van Hoestenberghe wrote on April 15, 1875 to Mgr Faict that he had not yet had time to examine the healed leg.〔Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, p. 245〕 These notes, which were at an exceptional place in the notebook of Dr. Van Hoestenberghe: the inside cover, not their chronological place among the pages,〔Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, pp. 58 and 248.〕 can only be consulted on a picture, because they seem to have disappeared at the bishop's palace, with the rest of the notebook.〔Canon A. De Meester, ''De wonderbare genezing van Pieter De Rudder; het kanoniek onderzoek'', Oostakker, 1957, p. 249, note 2.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pieter De Rudder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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